English Definitions • Russian Translations • Examples • GRE Strategies
Chapter 1. Numbers
| English |
Russian |
Explanation |
| integer |
целое число |
..., -3, 0, 5 |
| positive integer |
положительное целое число |
>0 |
| negative integer |
отрицательное целое число |
<0 |
| whole number |
неотрицательное целое число |
0,1,2,... |
| natural number |
натуральное число |
1,2,3,... |
| rational number |
рациональное число |
fraction of integers |
| irrational number |
иррациональное число |
π, √2 |
| real number |
действительное число |
all rational + irrational |
| prime number |
простое число |
exactly two divisors (2,3,5,7,11 ...) |
| composite number |
составное число |
more than two divisors |
| even |
чётный |
divisible by 2 |
| odd |
нечётный |
not divisible by 2 |
| factor |
множитель, делитель |
divides evenly |
| multiple |
кратное |
product of a number |
| divisor |
делитель |
synonym of factor |
| dividend |
делимое |
|
| quotient |
частное |
|
| remainder |
остаток |
|
Chapter 2. Arithmetic
| English |
Russian |
Explanation |
| average |
среднее значение |
arithmetic average of numbers |
| mean |
среднее арифметическое |
sum divided by the number of values |
| median |
медиана |
middle value of an ordered set |
| mode |
мода |
most frequent value |
| range |
размах |
maximum − minimum |
| weighted average |
взвешенное среднее |
average using weights |
| ratio |
отношение |
comparison of two quantities |
| proportion |
пропорция |
equality of two ratios |
| reciprocal |
обратная величина |
multiplicative inverse (1/x) |
| percent |
процент |
one hundredth (1%) |
| percentage increase |
процентное увеличение |
increase expressed as a percentage |
| percentage decrease |
процентное уменьшение |
decrease expressed as a percentage |
| absolute value |
абсолютное значение (модуль) |
distance from zero |
| decimal |
десятичная дробь |
number written in decimal notation |
| fraction |
дробь |
part of a whole |
| mixed number |
смешанное число |
whole number + fraction |
| improper fraction |
неправильная дробь |
numerator ≥ denominator |
| numerator |
числитель |
top number of a fraction |
| denominator |
знаменатель |
bottom number of a fraction |
| simplify |
упростить |
reduce to simplest form |
| estimate |
оценить |
find an approximate value |
| approximation |
приближение |
value close to the exact one |
| exponent |
показатель степени |
indicates repeated multiplication |
| power |
степень |
result or notation involving exponents |
| square root |
квадратный корень |
number whose square equals a value |
| cube root |
кубический корень |
number whose cube equals a value |
Chapter 3. Algebra
| English |
Russian |
Explanation |
| variable |
переменная |
unknown quantity |
| constant |
константа |
fixed value |
| coefficient |
коэффициент |
number multiplying a variable |
| expression |
выражение |
mathematical phrase without "=" |
| equation |
уравнение |
equality between expressions |
| inequality |
неравенство |
comparison using <, >, ≤, ≥ |
| identity |
тождество |
true for all values |
| solution |
решение |
value satisfying an equation |
| substitute |
подставить |
replace a variable with a value |
| isolate |
выразить (переменную) |
make a variable stand alone |
| expand |
раскрыть скобки |
multiply out expressions |
| factorize |
разложить на множители |
write as a product of factors |
| simplify |
упростить |
reduce an expression |
| polynomial |
многочлен |
algebraic expression with terms |
| monomial |
одночлен |
one algebraic term |
| binomial |
двучлен |
two-term polynomial |
| quadratic |
квадратный |
degree two |
| linear equation |
линейное уравнение |
first-degree equation |
| system of equations |
система уравнений |
two or more equations solved together |
| slope |
наклон (угловой коэффициент) |
rate of change of a line |
| intercept |
точка пересечения с осью |
where a graph crosses an axis |
| function |
функция |
input-output relationship |
| domain |
область определения |
allowable input values |
| range |
область значений |
possible output values |
Chapter 4. Geometry
| English |
Russian |
Explanation |
| point |
точка |
exact location |
| line |
прямая |
extends infinitely in both directions |
| line segment |
отрезок |
part of a line |
| ray |
луч |
starts at one point |
| angle |
угол |
formed by two rays |
| acute angle |
острый угол |
less than 90° |
| obtuse angle |
тупой угол |
between 90° and 180° |
| right angle |
прямой угол |
exactly 90° |
| supplementary |
дополнительные углы |
sum to 180° |
| complementary |
дополнительные до 90° углы |
sum to 90° |
| vertical angles |
вертикальные углы |
opposite angles formed by intersecting lines |
| parallel |
параллельный |
never intersect |
| perpendicular |
перпендикулярный |
intersect at 90° |
| triangle |
треугольник |
three-sided polygon |
| equilateral |
равносторонний |
all sides equal |
| isosceles |
равнобедренный |
two equal sides |
| scalene |
разносторонний |
all sides different |
| hypotenuse |
гипотенуза |
longest side of a right triangle |
| leg |
катет |
side adjacent to the right angle |
| polygon |
многоугольник |
closed figure with straight sides |
| quadrilateral |
четырёхугольник |
four-sided polygon |
| rectangle |
прямоугольник |
four right angles |
| square |
квадрат |
equal sides and right angles |
| rhombus |
ромб |
equal sides |
| trapezoid |
трапеция |
one pair of parallel sides |
| parallelogram |
параллелограмм |
opposite sides parallel |
| pentagon |
пятиугольник |
five-sided polygon |
| hexagon |
шестиугольник |
six-sided polygon |
| octagon |
восьмиугольник |
eight-sided polygon |
| circle |
окружность |
set of points equidistant from center |
| radius |
радиус |
center to circle |
| diameter |
диаметр |
twice the radius |
| circumference |
длина окружности |
perimeter of a circle |
| chord |
хорда |
segment joining two points on a circle |
| tangent |
касательная |
touches circle at one point |
| secant |
секущая |
intersects circle twice |
| arc |
дуга |
part of a circle |
| sector |
сектор |
region between two radii |
| central angle |
центральный угол |
vertex at the center |
| inscribed angle |
вписанный угол |
vertex on the circle |
| perimeter |
периметр |
total boundary length |
| area |
площадь |
surface enclosed |
| surface area |
площадь поверхности |
total outside area of a solid |
| volume |
объём |
space occupied |
Chapter 5. Coordinate Geometry
| English |
Russian |
Explanation |
| coordinate plane |
координатная плоскость |
Cartesian plane |
| origin |
начало координат |
point (0,0) |
| x-axis |
ось X |
horizontal axis |
| y-axis |
ось Y |
vertical axis |
| ordered pair |
упорядоченная пара |
coordinates (x,y) |
| midpoint |
середина отрезка |
point halfway between two points |
| distance |
расстояние |
length between two points |
| slope |
угловой коэффициент |
steepness of a line |
| intercept |
точка пересечения с осью |
crossing point with an axis |
| equation of a line |
уравнение прямой |
algebraic representation of a line |
Chapter 6. Statistics & Probability
| English |
Russian |
Explanation |
| sample |
выборка |
subset of a population |
| population |
генеральная совокупность |
entire group studied |
| frequency |
частота |
number of occurrences |
| distribution |
распределение |
pattern of data values |
| probability |
вероятность |
chance of an event |
| event |
событие |
outcome or collection of outcomes |
| independent events |
независимые события |
one does not affect the other |
| mutually exclusive |
взаимно исключающие |
cannot occur together |
| expected value |
математическое ожидание |
long-run average outcome |
| permutation |
перестановка |
arrangement where order matters |
| combination |
сочетание |
selection where order does not matter |
| random |
случайный |
occurring by chance |
| equally likely |
равновероятный |
same probability |
Chapter 7. Word Problem Vocabulary
| English |
Russian |
Explanation |
| consecutive |
последовательный |
following one after another |
| inclusive |
включая |
endpoints included |
| exclusive |
исключая |
endpoints not included |
| at least |
не менее |
greater than or equal to |
| at most |
не более |
less than or equal to |
| no more than |
не более |
≤ |
| no less than |
не менее |
≥ |
| greater than |
больше |
> |
| less than |
меньше |
< |
| greater than or equal to |
больше либо равно |
≥ |
| less than or equal to |
меньше либо равно |
≤ |
| exceeds |
превышает |
is greater than |
| exceeds by |
больше на |
greater by a certain amount |
| difference |
разность |
result of subtraction |
| sum |
сумма |
result of addition |
| product |
произведение |
result of multiplication |
| quotient |
частное |
result of division |
| remainder |
остаток |
amount left after division |
| divisible by |
делится на |
divides without remainder |
| is a multiple of |
является кратным |
obtained by multiplication |
| is a factor of |
является делителем |
divides exactly |
| increased by |
увеличенный на |
added to |
| decreased by |
уменьшенный на |
subtracted from |
| doubled |
удвоенный |
multiplied by 2 |
| tripled |
утроенный |
multiplied by 3 |
| twice |
в два раза |
two times as much |
| three times |
в три раза |
three times as much |
| half |
половина |
one-half |
| one-third |
одна треть |
one out of three equal parts |
| consecutive even integers |
последовательные чётные целые числа |
..., 2, 4, 6, ... |
| consecutive odd integers |
последовательные нечётные целые числа |
..., 1, 3, 5, ... |
| distinct |
различные |
not equal |
| identical |
одинаковые |
exactly the same |
| unique |
единственный |
one of a kind |
| exactly |
ровно |
precisely |
| approximately |
приблизительно |
nearly, about |
Chapter 8. Common GRE Instruction Words
| English |
Russian |
Explanation |
| determine |
определить |
find the answer |
| evaluate |
вычислить |
find the value |
| compute |
вычислить |
calculate numerically |
| calculate |
рассчитать |
perform mathematical operations |
| solve |
решить |
find the unknown |
| compare |
сравнить |
examine similarities or differences |
| justify |
обосновать |
provide a mathematical reason |
| estimate |
оценить |
approximate the value |
| infer |
сделать вывод |
conclude from given information |
| select |
выбрать |
choose the correct answer |
| indicate |
указать |
show or identify |
| greatest possible |
наибольшее возможное |
maximum achievable value |
| least possible |
наименьшее возможное |
minimum achievable value |
| maximum |
максимум |
largest value |
| minimum |
минимум |
smallest value |
| cannot be determined |
невозможно определить |
insufficient information is provided |
| sufficient |
достаточный |
enough information |
| insufficient |
недостаточный |
not enough information |
This gives you a complete GRE Quantitative Mathematics Dictionary of approximately 200 core mathematical and test-instruction terms.